Da Vinci Surgical System

The da Vinci Surgical System is a robotic surgical system made by the American company Intuitive Surgical. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000, it is designed to facilitate complex surgery using a minimally invasive approach, and is controlled by a surgeon from a console.

The da Vinci System consists of a surgeon's console that is typically in the same room as the patient, and a patient-side cart with four interactive robotic arms controlled from the console. Three of the arms are for tools that hold objects, and can also act as scalpels, scissors, bovies, or graspers. The surgeon uses the console's master controls to maneuver the patient-side cart's three or four robotic arms (depending on the model). The instruments’ jointed-wrist design exceeds the natural range of motion of the human hand; motion scaling and tremor reduction further interpret and refine the surgeon's hand movements. The da Vinci System always requires a human operator, and incorporates multiple redundant safety features designed to minimize opportunities for human error when compared with traditional approaches.

The da Vinci System has been designed to improve upon conventional laparoscopy, in which the surgeon operates while standing, using hand-held, long-shafted instruments, which have no wrists. With conventional laparoscopy, the surgeon must look up and away from the instruments, to a nearby 2D video monitor to see an image of the target anatomy. The surgeon must also rely on a patient-side assistant to position the camera correctly. In contrast, the da Vinci System's design allows the surgeon to operate from a seated position at the console, with eyes and hands positioned in line with the instruments and using controls at the console to move the instruments and camera.

By providing surgeons with superior visualization, enhanced dexterity, greater precision and ergonomic comfort, the da Vinci Surgical System makes it possible for more surgeons to perform minimally invasive procedures involving complex dissection or reconstruction.^{[citation needed]}For the patient, a da Vinci procedure can offer all the potential benefits of a minimally invasive procedure, including less pain, less blood loss and less need for blood transfusions.^{[citation needed]} Moreover, the da Vinci System can enable a shorter hospital stay, a quicker recovery and faster return to normal daily activities.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Vinci_Surgical_System

How much does the da Vinci surgery costs?

A single robot costs about $2 million. Some of the attachments that go on the arms are disposable. And robotic surgery generally costs anywhere from $3,000 to $6,000more than traditional laparoscopic surgery.Aug 10, 2016

STILL CALLING SYSTEM UNIT AS CPU?

Are you guys still calling "SYSTEM UNIT" as cpu?

CPU? euwwww what are you talking about?

As you can see obviously in  the photo people always miss interpreted  between this two component. Event my lecturer also teach a wrong knowledge some tine.

So today i will like to discuss differences between this two component. Even thought this is not a new technology but i guess this is a very good knowledge for you guys to learn.

 Difference Between System Unit and CPU is that:

The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data. System units are available in a variety of shapes and sizes. 

The central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. The processor significantly impacts overall computing power and manages most of a computer’s operations.

Scientists develop tiny tooth-mounted sensors that can track what you eat

Wireless real-time monitoring could add precision to the linkage between diet and health

Monitoring in real time what happens in and around our bodies can be invaluable in the context of health care or clinical studies, but not so easy to do. That could soon change thanks to new, miniaturized sensors developed by researchers at the Tufts University School of Engineering that, when mounted directly on a tooth and communicating wireless with a mobile device, can transmit information on glucose, salt and alcohol intake. In research to be published soon in the journal Advanced Materials, researchers note that future adaptations of these sensors could enable the detection and recording of a wide range of nutrients, chemicals and physiological states.

Previous wearable devices for monitoring dietary intake suffered from limitations such as requiring the use of a mouth guard, bulky wiring, or necessitating frequent replacement as the sensors rapidly degraded. Tufts engineers sought a more adoptable technology and developed a sensor with a mere 2 mm x 2 mm footprint that can flexibly conform and bond to the irregular surface of a tooth. In a similar fashion to the way a toll is collected on a highway, the sensors transmit their data wireless in response to an incoming radio frequency signal.

The sensors are made up of three sandwiched layers: a central "bio responsive" layer that absorbs the nutrient or other chemicals to be detected, and outer layers consisting of two square-shaped gold rings. Together, the three layers act like a tiny antenna, collecting and transmitting waves in the radio frequency spectrum. As an incoming wave hits the sensor, some of it is cancelled out and the rest transmitted back, just like a patch of blue paint absorbs redder wavelengths and reflects the blue back to our eyes.

The sensor, however, can change its "color." For example, if the central layer takes on salt, or ethanol, its electrical properties will shift, causing the sensor to absorb and transmit a different spectrum of radio frequency waves, with varying intensity. That is how nutrients and other analyses can be detected and measured.

"In theory we can modify the bioresponsive layer in these sensors to target other chemicals -- we are really limited only by our creativity," said Fiorenzo Omenetto, Ph.D., corresponding author and the Frank C. Doble Professor of Engineering at Tufts. "We have extended common RFID [radiofrequency ID] technology to a sensor package that can dynamically read and transmit information on its environment, whether it is affixed to a tooth, to skin, or any other surface."

Educational apps designed for kids: Avoiding missed opportunities

Hi and good evening,

As we can see kids now days and very active playing with smartphones and tablet. So here i want to share with you guys that there is a lot application that kids may learn to increase their skills in education. I got this statement from here.

Enjoy the post!!

Thoughtfully designing mobile apps to support and promote early learning

The conversation is always the same…

New acquaintance: “So, what do you do?”

Me: “I’m a researcher. I study the design of educational apps for kids.”

New acquaintance: “Oh my gosh, my kids LOVE playing apps on my phone! Do you have recommendations for good educational apps? There are so many out there, I never know which apps to buy.”

That is usually when I briefly pause before answering. Not because I don’t have app recommendations for them, but because, sadly, I only have a few.

New children’s apps are continuously released, with many claiming to be educational. The interactive and playful nature of apps is often appealing and engaging for children. And, mobile apps offer a great opportunity for exposing young children to educational concepts before they start school. But, if these apps aren’t designed to meet the unique developmental abilities of young children, then are they really educational?

When teaching children, it’s important to consider how they see the world and how they interact with it. For example, three-year-olds have shorter attention spans than older children and adults. When they see many things going on at once, it’s harder for them to focus on what’s important.

“If these apps aren’t designed to meet the unique developmental abilities of young children, then are they really educational?”

This must be taken into account when designing educational apps for young children. Apps that have too much happening, long and complex instructions, or long wait-times for play responses, could be frustrating or boring for a preschooler. Even pretty, but busy, screens can lead a three-year-old to be too immersed in colorful animations to remember to complete the educational tasks.

Finding ways to thoughtfully design mobile apps to support and promote early learning can help create apps that are actually educational. But, are preschool apps on the market designed accordingly?

How are preschool apps on the market designed to teach young children?

With a team of fellow researchers, I looked at over 200 preschool apps from Apple, Amazon, and GooglePlay markets to see how these apps were designed. [Editor’s note: Callaghan, M. N. & Reich, S. M. (in prep). Are Educational Preschool Apps Designed to Teach? An Analysis of the App Market.] With over half of educational apps on the markets advertised for children ages five and under, it was not hard to find our large sample of math and literacy apps.

After collecting these apps, we looked at everything. And I mean everything! From the very first scene shown when each app was opened, to the math/literacy goals of each task, how questions were asked, how answers were given, what happened when we did nothing, what happened when we gave right or wrong answers, whether there were rewards, timers, multiple levels, multiple characters, talking animals, exit buttons, and more.

So, what was the verdict? How do these games consider the unique ways that children process information and learn?

“Without an explanation, children can go through games using trial and error, and never know the reason behind their failures or successes.”

I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but the verdict wasn’t good. There were countless missed educational opportunities. Those three-year-olds who need a little extra support with focusing their attention would likely struggle with these apps: Most of the apps we tested rarely modeled how to complete tasks, rarely repeated instructions for children who get off task, and almost never rephrased prompts in case the first instruction wasn’t clear enough.

Additionally, apps were great at briefly praising users with a simple “Great job!” and encouraging users with a quick “Oops. Try again!”, but only a handful of apps visually or orally explained why answers were correct or incorrect. Without an explanation, children can go through games using trial and error, and never know the reason behind their failures or successes. How can they learn if they are never taught?

And what is more, app reward systems oftentimes used insignificant stickers, instead of unlocking levels that would lead to new educational opportunities.

These apps have so much potential for making learning fun, and teaching in a way that is adaptive to children’s needs, but currently, many of these “educational” apps aren’t designed to actually be educational for young children.

Our next steps toward providing children with great apps to play

So, where does that leave us? As parents/caregivers? Educators? App developers? Policymakers? We all want the same thing: To provide fun, innovative tools that teach and inspire the young minds of our future.

My first suggestion for consumers is to be purposeful in educational app selection. It’s important to do your research beforehand. There are several companies out there that test out their products – First 8 Studios, ABC mouse, and Duck Duck Moose, to name a few. There are also organizations that review children’s media, like Common Sense Media, which provide detailed descriptions and reviews of educational apps. So, before opening that wallet of yours, take a look to see if you would get your money’s worth.

I also encourage you to play apps with your children. Though it may feel boring or time-demanding to sit down and watch your children’s every move, especially when they seem content playing on their own, research shows that guiding the use of educational games can deepen learners’ understanding of the content. This can also help make up for any educational features apps may be lacking – help ensure your children understand the directions of an app, point out the reasons why certain answers are correct versus incorrect, and find ways to show your children how the game content can connect to out-of-game contexts too.

“These apps have so much potential – but currently, many of these ‘educational’ apps aren’t designed to actually be educational for young children.”

For app developers and policymakers: Thoughtful design that considers users’ developmental capacity (what kids can do at that age) can help make these apps truly educational tools that promote early learning. App developers can use the decades of developmental and learning sciences research as a framework for designing current and future educational apps.

This research can be strategically combined with computer sciences and information research, connecting technological and educational experts to ensure educational apps are not just fun and engaging games, but games that capitalize on what kids find interesting and what kids can do. Policymakers can provide this information to parents, caregivers, and educators, creating guidelines for how they may identify and use high quality educational apps for their children.

Ultimately, my hope for the future is to meet new acquaintances who are eager to tell me about the resources they used to find good educational apps, and pull out their phones to show me the excellent educational apps they played with their kids.

Computers that calculate with light could make superfast AI

Hi,

Today i want to share with you guys the new technology that invent in March 2018.For the original newsletter you can click here. Enjoy the content!

The future of artificial intelligence might be bright. Computers that use lasers to carry out computation are showing that they can do complex algorithms faster and more efficiently than standard chips.

If the rate of progress continues they may be able to head off the impending crisis that threatens Moore’s Law, the idea that computing processing power doubles every two years, and herald a new type of computers that are cheaper, faster, and much less energy intensive.

Hopefully this news will give you guys new knowledge. See you soon <3

MY DEGREE LIFE!

Assalamualaikum and Hi,

In early March 2018, I further my education in degree level in field Bachelor of Information Science (Hons) Information Systems Management -IM245 in UiTM Puncak Perdana. So I required by post blogs on now days age technology progress for subject foundation of information technology. So from this week I will update technological progress from time to time.